Bids for Olympic Games

National Olympic Committees select from within their national territory cities to put forward bids to host an Olympic Games. The staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid.[1] Since the creation of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, which successfully appropriated the name of the Ancient Greek Olympics to create a modern sporting event, interested cities have rivalled for selection as host of the Summer or Winter Olympic Games.

What follows is a list of the cities that have bid to host any of the Summer and Winter Olympics. 50 cities (including repeats) have been chosen to host the Olympics since their "rebirth"; two in Eastern Europe, five in East Asia, one in Central America, two in Oceania and the remainder in Western Europe and North America. No African, Central Asian, Middle Eastern or South Asian city has ever been chosen to host an Olympics.

Typically, the decision is made at an IOC Session approximately seven years prior to the games; for example the 2012 Summer Olympics were awarded to London on 6 July 2005, the 2014 Winter Olympics were awarded to Sochi on 4 July 2007, the 2016 Summer Olympics were awarded to Rio de Janeiro on 2 October 2009, and the 2018 Winter Olympics were awarded to Pyeongchang on 6 July 2011.

Contents

IOC – IPC co-operation

In June 2001, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) signed an agreement that would ensure that the staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid for the Olympic Games.[1] The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Paralympic Summer Games in Beijing, and the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games in Vancouver. However, the Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee (SLOC), was chosen to follow the practice of "one bid, one city" already at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, with one Organizing Committee for both Games, which was followed up by the 2004 Games in Athens and Torino in 2006. The agreement was adjusted in 2003. An extension was signed in June 2006.[1]

Summer Olympics bids

Games Year Candidate cities Non-candidate
applicant cities[note 1]
IOC session
Host city Others
I 1896 Athens[note 2] 1st
Paris
(1894-06-23)
II 1900 Paris[note 2]
III 1904 Chicago
( St.Louis)[note 3]
4th
Paris
(22-05-1901)
IV 1908 Rome
( London)[note 4]
Berlin
Milan
6th
London
(June, 1904)
V 1912 Stockholm 10th
Berlin
(1909-05-27)
VI 1916 Berlin[note 5] Alexandria
Amsterdam
Brussels
Budapest
Cleveland
14th
Stockholm
(1912-05-27)
VII 1920 Antwerp[note 6] Amsterdam
Atlanta
Budapest
Cleveland
Havana
Lyon[note 7]
Philadelphia
17th
Lausanne
(1919-04-05)
VIII 1924 Paris[note 8] Amsterdam
Barcelona
Los Angeles
Prague
Rome
19th
Lausanne
(1921-06-02)
IX 1928 Amsterdam Los Angeles
X 1932 Los Angeles 21st
Rome
(April, 1923)
XI 1936 Berlin Alexandria
Barcelona
Budapest
Buenos Aires
Cologne
Dublin
Frankfurt
Helsinki
Lausanne
Nuremberg
Rio de Janeiro
Rome
30th
Lausanne
(1931-05-13)
XII 1940 Tokyo
Helsinki[note 9]
35th
Berlin
(1936-07-31)
XIII 1944 London[note 10] Athens
Budapest
Detroit
Helsinki
Lausanne
Montreal
Rome
38th
London
(1939-06-09)
XIV 1948 London[note 11] Baltimore
Lausanne
Los Angeles
Minneapolis
Philadelphia
39th
Lausanne
(September, 1946)
XV 1952 Helsinki Amsterdam
Chicago
Detroit
Los Angeles
Minneapolis
Philadelphia
40th
Stockholm
(1947-06-21)
XVI 1956 Melbourne
Stockholm[note 12]
Buenos Aires
Chicago
Detroit
Los Angeles
Mexico City
Minneapolis
Philadelphia
San Francisco
43rd
Rome
(1949-04-28)
XVII 1960 Rome Brussels
Budapest
Detroit
Lausanne
Mexico City
Tokyo
50th
Paris
(1955-06-15)
XVIII 1964 Tokyo Brussels
Detroit
Vienna
55th
Munich
(1959-05-26)
XIX 1968 Mexico City Buenos Aires
Detroit
Lyon
60th
Baden-Baden
(1963-10-18)
XX 1972 Munich Detroit
Madrid
Montreal
64th
Rome
(1966-04-26)
XXI 1976 Montreal Los Angeles
Moscow
69th
Amsterdam
(1970-05-12)
XXII 1980 Moscow Los Angeles 75th
Vienna
(1974-10-23)
XXIII 1984 Los Angeles 80th
Athens
(1978-05-18)
XXIV 1988 Seoul Nagoya 84th
Baden-Baden
(1981-09-30)
XXV 1992
details
Barcelona Amsterdam
Belgrade
Birmingham
Brisbane
Paris
91st
Lausanne
(1986-10-17)
XXVI 1996
details
Atlanta Athens
Belgrade
Manchester
Melbourne
Toronto
96th
Tokyo
(1990-09-18)
XXVII 2000
details
Sydney Beijing
Berlin
Istanbul
Manchester
101st
Monte-Carlo
(1993-09-23)
XXVIII 2004
details
Athens Buenos Aires
Cape Town
Rome
Stockholm
Istanbul
Lille
Rio de Janeiro
St. Petersburg
San Juan
Seville
106th
Lausanne
(1997-09-05)
XXIX 2008
details
Beijing Istanbul
Osaka
Paris
Toronto
Bangkok
Cairo
Havana
Kuala Lumpur
Seville
112th
Moscow
(2001-07-13)
XXX 2012
details
London Madrid
Moscow
New York City
Paris
Havana
Istanbul
Leipzig
Rio de Janeiro
117th
Singapore
(2005-07-06)
XXXI 2016
details
Rio de Janeiro Chicago
Madrid
Tokyo
Baku
Doha
Prague
121st
Copenhagen
(2009-10-02)
XXXII 2020
details
Istanbul
Tokyo
Rome
Baku
Doha
Madrid
125th
Buenos Aires
(2013-09-07)

Winter Olympics bids

Games Year Candidate cities Non-candidate
applicant cities[note 1]
IOC Session
Host city Others
I 1924 Chamonix[note 13] 19th
Lausanne
(1921-06-02)
II 1928 St. Moritz Davos
Engelberg
24th
Lisbon
(1926-05-06)
III 1932 Lake Placid[note 14] Bear Mountain
Denver
Duluth
Minneapolis
Montreal
Oslo
Yosemite Valley
27th
Lausanne
(1929-04-10)
IV 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen[note 14] Montreal
St. Moritz
31st
Vienna
(1933-06-07)
1940 Sapporo[note 14]
St. Moritz[note 9]
Garmisch-Partenkirchen[note 9]
36th
Warsaw
(1937-06-09)
1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo[note 10] Montreal
Oslo
38th
London
(1939-06-09)
V 1948 St. Moritz[note 11] Lake Placid 39th
Lausanne
(September, 1946)
VI 1952 Oslo Cortina d'Ampezzo
Lake Placid
40th
Stockholm
(1947-06-21)
VII 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Colorado Springs
Lake Placid
Montreal
43rd
Rome
(1949-04-28)
VIII 1960 Squaw Valley Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Innsbruck
St. Moritz
Karachi
50th
Paris
(1955-06-16)
IX 1964 Innsbruck Calgary
Lahti
55th
Munich
(1959-05-26)
X 1968 Grenoble Calgary
Lahti
Lake Placid
Oslo
Sapporo
61st
Innsbruck
(1964-01-28)
XI 1972 Sapporo Banff
Lahti
Salt Lake City
64th
Rome
(1966-04-26)
XII 1976 Denver
( Innsbruck)[note 15]
Sion
Tampere
Vancouver-Garibaldi
69th
Amsterdam
(1970-05-12)
XIII 1980 Lake Placid Vancouver-Garibaldi[note 16] 75th
Vienna
(1974-10-23)
XIV 1984 Sarajevo Gothenburg
Sapporo
80th
Athens
(1978-05-18)
XV 1988 Calgary Cortina d'Ampezzo
Falun
84th
Baden-Baden
(1981-09-30)
XVI 1992 Albertville Anchorage
Berchtesgaden
Cortina d'Ampezzo
Falun
Lillehammer
Sofia
91st
Lausanne
(1986-10-17)
XVII 1994 Lillehammer Anchorage
Östersund
Sofia
94th
Seoul
(1988-09-15)
XVIII 1998
details
Nagano Aosta
Jaca
Östersund
Salt Lake City
97th
Birmingham
(1991-06-15)
XIX 2002
details
Salt Lake City Östersund
Quebec City
Sion
Graz
Jaca
Poprad-Tatry
Sochi
Tarvisio
104th
Budapest
(1995-06-16)
XX 2006
details
Turin Sion Helsinki
Klagenfurt
Poprad-Tatry
Zakopane
109th
Seoul
(1999-06-19)
XXI 2010
details
Vancouver Bern[note 17]
Pyeongchang
Salzburg
Andorra la Vella
Harbin
Jaca
Sarajevo
115th
Prague
(2003-07-02)
XXII 2014
details
Sochi Pyeongchang
Salzburg
Almaty
Borjomi
Jaca
Sofia
119th
Guatemala City
(2007-07-04)
XXIII 2018
details
Pyeongchang Annecy
Munich
123rd
Durban
(2011-07-06)

All-time Summer Olympics bids

Country City Bids
Greece Athens 4 (1896,1944,1996,2004)
United States Detroit 7 (1944,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972)
France Paris 5 (1900,1924,1992,2008,2012)
United States St. Louis 1 (1904)
United States Chicago 4 (1904,1952,1956,2016)
United Kingdom London 4 (1908,1944,1948,2012)
Germany Berlin 4 (1908,1916,1936,2000)
Italy Milan 1 (1908)
Italy Rome 7 (1908,1924,1936,1944,1960,2004,2020)
Sweden Stockholm 3 (1912,1956,2004)
Egypt Alexandria 2 (1916,1936)
Netherlands Amsterdam 6 (1916,1920,1924,1928,1952,1992)
Belgium Brussels 3 (1916,1960,1964)
Hungary Budapest 5 (1916,1920,1936,1944,1960)
United States Cleveland 2 (1916,1920)
United States Atlanta 2 (1920,1996)
Belgium Antwerp 1 (1920)
Cuba Havana 3 (1920,2008,2012)
France Lyon 2 (1920,1968)
United States Philadelphia 4 (1920,1948,1952,1956)
Spain Barcelona 3 (1924,1936,1992)
United States Los Angeles 9 (1924,1928,1932,1948,1952,1956,1976,1980,1984)
Czech Republic Prague 2 (1924,2016)
Argentina Buenos Aires 4 (1936,1956,1968,2004)
Germany Cologne 1 (1936)
Germany Nuremberg 1 (1936)
Switzerland Lausanne 4 (1936,1944,1948,1960)
Brazil Rio de Janeiro 4 (1936,2004,2012,2016)
Finland Helsinki 4 (1936,1940,1944,1952)
Ireland Dublin 1 (1936)
Germany Frankfurt 1 (1936)
Japan Tokyo 5 (1940,1960,1964,2016,2020)
Canada Montreal 3 (1944,1972,1976)
United States Minneapolis 3 (1948,1952,1956)
United States Baltimore 1 (1948)
Mexico Mexico City 3 (1956,1960,1968)
Australia Melbourne 2 (1956,1996)
United States San Francisco 1 (1956)
Austria Vienna 1 (1964)
Germany Munich 1 (1972)
Spain Madrid 4 (1972,2012,2016,2020)
Russia Moscow 3 (1976,1980,2012)
South Korea Seoul 1 (1988)
Japan Nagoya 1 (1988)
United Kingdom Birmingham 1 (1992)
Serbia Belgrade 2 (1992,1996)
Australia Brisbane 1 (1992)
United Kingdom Manchester 2 (1996,2000)
Canada Toronto 2 (1996,2008)
China Beijing 2 (2000,2008)
Turkey Istanbul 5 (2000,2004,2008,2012,2020)
Australia Sydney 1 (2000)
South Africa Cape Town 1 (2004)
France Lille 1 (2004)
Russia St. Petersburg 1 (2004)
Puerto Rico San Juan 1 (2004)
Spain Seville 2 (2004,2008)
Japan Osaka 1 (2008)
Thailand Bangkok 1 (2008)
Egypt Cairo 1 (2008)
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1 (2008)
United States New York 1 (2012)
Germany Leipzig 1 (2012)
Azerbaijan Baku 2 (2016,2020)
Qatar Doha 2 (2016,2020)

Total bids by country

Country Bids
Argentina 4 (1936,1956,1968,2004)
Australia 4 (1956,1992,1996,2000)
Austria 1 (1964)
Azerbaijan 2 (2016,2020)
Belgium 4 (1916,1920,1960,1964)
Brazil 4 (1936,2004,2012,2016)
Canada 5 (1944,1972,1976,1996,2008)
China 2 (2000,2008)
Cuba 3 (1920,2008,2012)
Czech Republic 2 (1924,2016)
Egypt 3 (1916,1936,2008)
Finland 4 (1936,1940,1944,1952)
France 8 (1900,1920,1924,1968,1992,2004,2008,2012)
Germany 9 (1908,1916,1936 (x4),1972,2000,2012)
Greece 4 (1896,1944,1996,2004)
Hungary 5 (1916,1920,1936,1944,1960)
Ireland 1 (1936)
Italy 8 (1908 (x2),1924,1936,1944,1960,2004,2020)
Japan 7 (1940,1960,1964,1988,2008,2016,2020)
Malaysia 1 (2008)
Mexico 3 (1956,1960,1968)
Netherlands 6 (1916,1920,1924,1928,1952,1992)
Puerto Rico 1 (2004)
Qatar 2 (2016,2020)
Russia 4 (1976,1980,2004,2012)
Serbia 2 (1992,1996)
South Africa 1 (2004)
South Korea 1 (1988)
Spain 9 (1924,1936,1972,1992,2004,2008,2012,2016,2020)
Sweden 3 (1912,1956,2004)
Switzerland 4 (1936,1944,1948,1960)
Thailand 1 (2008)
Turkey 5 (2000,2004,2008,2012,2020)
United Kingdom 7 (1908,1944,1948,1992,1996,2000,2012)
United States 36 (1904 (x2),1916,1920 (x3),1924,1928,1932,1944 (x4),1952 (x5),1956 (x6),1960,1964,1968,1972,1976,1980,1984,1996,2012,2016)

All-time Winter Olympics bids

Country City Bids
France Chamonix 1 (1924)
Switzerland St. Moritz 5 (1928,1936,1940,1948,1960)
Switzerland Davos 1 (1928)
Switzerland Engelberg 1 (1928)
United States Lake Placid 6 (1932,1948,1952,1956,1968,1980)
United States Bear Mountain 1 (1932)
United States Denver 2 (1932,1976)
United States Duluth 1 (1932)
United States Minneapolis 1 (1932)
Canada Montreal 4 (1932,1936,1944,1956)
Norway Oslo 4 (1932,1944,1952,1968)
United States Yosemite Valley 1 (1932)
Germany Garmisch-Partenkirchen 3 (1936,1940,1960)
Japan Sapporo 4 (1940,1968,1972,1984)
Italy Cortina d'Ampezzo 5 (1944,1952,1956,1988,1992)
United States Colorado Springs 1 (1956)
Pakistan Karachi 1 (1960)
United States Squaw Valley 1 (1960)
Austria Innsbruck 3 (1960,1964,1976)
Canada Calgary 3 (1964,1968,1988)
Finland Lahti 3 (1964,1968,1972)
France Grenoble 1 (1968)
Canada Banff 1 (1972)
United States Salt Lake City 3 (1972,1998,2002)
Switzerland Sion 3 (1976,2002,2006)
Finland Tampere 1 (1976)
Canada Vancouver 3 (1976,1980,2010)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 2 (1984,2010)
Sweden Gothenburg 1 (1984)
Sweden Falun 2 (1988,1992)
France Albertville 1 (1992)
United States Anchorage 2 (1992,1994)
Germany Berchtesgaden 1 (1992)
Norway Lillehammer 2 (1992,1994)
Bulgaria Sofia 3 (1992,1994,2014)
Sweden Östersund 3 (1994,1998,2002)
Japan Nagano 1 (1998)
Italy Aosta 1 (1998)
Spain Jaca 4 (1998,2002,2010,2014)
Canada Quebec City 1 (2002)
Austria Graz 1 (2002)
Slovakia Poprad 2 (2002,2006)
Russia Sochi 2 (2002,2014)
Italy Tarvisio 1 (2002)
Italy Turin 1 (2006)
Finland Helsinki 1 (2006)
Austria Klagenfurt 1 (2006)
Poland Zakopane 1 (2006)
Switzerland Bern 1 (2010)
Korea Pyeongchang 3 (2010,2014,2018)
Austria Salzburg 2 (2010,2014)
Andorra Andorra La Vella 1 (2010)
People's Republic of China Harbin 1 (2010)
Kazakhstan Almaty 1 (2014)
Georgia Borjomi 1 (2014)
France Annecy 1 (2018)
Germany Munich 1 (2018)

Total bids by country

Country Bids
Andorra 1 (2010)
Austria 7 (1960,1964,1976,2002,2006,2010,2014)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 (1984,2010)
Bulgaria 3 (1992,1994,2014)
Canada 12 (1932,1936,1944,1956,1964,1968,1976,1980,1988,2010)
China 1 (2010)
Finland 5 (1964,1968,1972,1976,2006)
France 4 (1924,1968,1992,2018)
Georgia 1 (2014)
Germany 5 (1936,1940,1960,1992,2018)
Italy 8 (1944,1952,1956,1988,1992,1998,2002,2006)
Japan 5 (1940,1968,1972,1984,1998)
Kazakhstan 1 (2014)
Norway 6 (1932,1944,1952,1968,1992,1994)
Pakistan 1 (1960)
Poland 1 (2006)
Russia 2 (2002,2014)
Slovakia 2 (2002,2006)
South Korea 3 (2010,2014,2018)
Spain 4 (1998,2002,2010,2014)
Sweden 6 (1984,1988,1992,1994,1998,2002)
Switzerland 11 (1928 (x3),1936,1940,1948,1960,1976,2002,2006,2010)
United States 19 (1932 (x6),1948,1952,1956 (x2),1960,1968,1972,1976,1980,1992,1994,1998,2002)

Trivia

  • London is the only city to have bid more than once and still hold a 100% record.
  • Detroit has had the most bids whilst failing to win the rights to host the games once.
  • Hungary has had the most bids in the Summer Games that have failed to win the rights to host the games at least once.
  • Sweden has had the most bids in the Winter Games that have failed to win the rights to host the games at least once.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Those bids which were not shortlisted for the second and final bidding phase.
  2. ^ a b At the first Session of the International Olympic Committee, in 1894, Athens was chosen to stage the first Olympic Games of the Modern Era, in 1896, as an honour to the birthplace of the Ancient Olympics. Paris was chosen as the site for the II Olympiad, in 1900, despite Pierre de Coubertin's wish that Paris would celebrate the first Games. [ Athens 1896. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ][ (PDF) Factsheet – The Olympic Movement. International Olympic Committee. 2007-02-07. http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1029.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ]
  3. ^ Chicago was voted the host city of the III Olympiad, but due to pressure from the city of St. Louis, which was staging the World's Fair on the same year, the Games were transferred to this city. ["1904 Summer Olympics: St. Louis, Missouri". Hickok Sports. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1904.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ]
  4. ^ Rome was the choice of the IOC, but the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius forced the Italians to return the Games to the IOC, which reattributed them to London. ["1908 Olympics: London, England". Hickok Sports. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1908.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ]
  5. ^ The Games were cancelled due to the ongoing World War I.
  6. ^ Antwerp was awarded with the Olympic Games as a compensation and to honour the Belgians who fought, suffered and died during the war. ["Antwerp 1920". Games. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1920. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ]
  7. ^ Lyon withdrew before the final vote.
  8. ^ Paris got the Games for the second time to fulfill Pierre de Coubertin's wish to see a successful Olympics in his country, erasing the flaws of the 1900 Olympics, before he retired from the IOC. ["1924 Olympics: Paris, France". Hickok Sports. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1924.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ]
  9. ^ a b c Due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japan relinquished its hosting rights to both the Summer and Winter Games. On 1938-07-15, the IOC relocated the Summer Games to Helsinki and the Winter Games to St. Moritz. Finland's invasion by the Soviet Union, in 1939, and the ensuing World War II forced the IOC to cancel the 1940 Summer Games. ["1948 Olympics: London, England". Hickok Sports. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1948.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-10. ] Disagreements with the Swiss officials, concerning the entry of professional skiers in the Games, prompted the IOC to reattribute them for the second consecutive time to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, on 1939-06-09. They were cancelled as well because of the war. ["St. Moritz 1948". Games. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=2&OLGY=1948. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ]
  10. ^ a b The Games were cancelled because of the ongoing World War II.
  11. ^ a b Selected without election, after the end of the World War II.
  12. ^ Australian's strict quarantine laws concerning the entry of foreign horses made it impossible for the equestrian events to be held within the Games period. In May, 1954, during the 49th IOC Session in Athens, Stockholm was chosen to stage what would be known as "Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad". ["Melbourne 1956". International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1956. Retrieved 2007-04-10. ][ (in Swedish and English) (PDF) The Official Report of the Organizing Committee for the Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad. Organizing Committee for the Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad. http://www.aafla.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1956/or1956eq.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-10. ]
  13. ^ Chamonix was chosen by the IOC to stage the "International Sports Week 1924", which would later be considered the First Olympic Winter Games. ["Chamonix 1924". Games. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=2&OLGY=1924. Retrieved 2007-04-08. ]
  14. ^ a b c Until the 1938 revision of the Olympic Charter, the IOC rules stated that the host country of the Summer Olympics took priority if it wished to host the Winter Olympics.
  15. ^ Denver gave up its hosting rights because a state referendum prohibited allocation of public funds to support the Games. The Austrian city of Innsbruck, which had hosted the Games twelve years earlier, stepped in to replace Denver. ["Innsbruck 1976". Games. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/innsbruck-1976-winter-olympics. Retrieved 2011-06-23. ]
  16. ^ Vancouver-Garibaldi bid was withdrawn on 1974-10-04, leaving Lake Placid as the only bidder.
  17. ^ Bern withdrew its bid on 2002-09-27, following a negative referendum outcome over the cost of staging an Olympic Games. ["Bern Officially Withdraws Bid". GamesBids. 2002-09-27. http://www.gamesbids.com/cgi-bin/news/viewnews.cgi?category=5&id=1033135422. Retrieved 2007-04-09. ]

References

External links